Spatiotemporal variation and antibacterial activity of actinomycetes isolated from high altitude grassland soils of tropical montane forest – Kerala, India

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Article Title:	Spatiotemporal variation and antibacterial activity of actinomycetes isolated from high altitude grassland soils of tropical montane forest – Kerala, India
Authors:	Rinoy Varghese, Suchithra R., Nishamol S. and A.A. Mohamed Hatha
Affiliation:	School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala. Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala.
Abstract:	The invention of novel antibiotics and other bioactive microbial metabolites continues to be an important aim in new drug discovery programmes. Actinomycetes have the potential to synthesize lots of diverse biologically vigorous secondary metabolites and in the last decades actinomycetes became the most productive source for antibiotics. Therefore in the present study we analyze the antibacterial activity of the actinomycetes isolated from grassland soil samples of Tropical Montane forest. A total of 33 actinomycete strains isolated were characterized and screened for antibacterial activities using well diffusion method against six specific pathogenic organisms. Identification of the isolates revealed that the majority of them were belonging to Streptomycetes followed by Nocardia, Micromonospora, Pseudonocardia, Streptosporangium, Nocardiopsis and Saccharomonospora. Among the 33 isolates, Gr1 strain showed antagonistic activity against all checked pathogens. Nine strains showed antibacaterial activity against Listeria, Vibrio cholera, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi and only 2 strains (Gr1and Gr25) showed antagonism to E. coli. The overall percentage of activity of actinomycetes isolates against each pathogenic bacterium was also calculated. While 63.63% of the actinomycetes were antagoinistic against Listeria, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus cereus, 60.6% of them were antagonistic to Staphylococcus aureus. Very few isolates (6.06%) showed antibacterial activity against E. coli. In general most of the actinomycetes isolates were antagonistic to gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria, Bacillus and Staphylococcus than Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, E. coli and Salmonella.
Keywords:	Tropical montane forest, Soil, Actinomycetes, Antibacterial activity, Antibiotics
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