Neuropathology of Alzheimer Disease. Connections with cerebral senescence

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Article Title:	Neuropathology of Alzheimer Disease. Connections with cerebral senescence
Authors:	Dan Riga1*, Sorin Riga1, Aurel Ardelean2, George Pribac2, Francisc Schneider2
Affiliation:	1 Department of Stress Research and Prophylaxis, ”Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania 2 ”Vasile Goldis” Western University, Arad, Romania
Abstract:	Introduction. Alzheimer disease (AD) becomes ”disease of the century” by its prevalence, morbidity, prediction and economic impact. Paper aims of present and our following studies on AD were represented by the achievement of a global and unitarian bio-medical research of this inflammatory-degenerative pathology, the description of AD alterations in brain structures and by the correlation with the same changes from cerebral senescence. Materials and methods. Human brains from AD patients and old people, as well as aging brains from Wistar rats and guinea pigs were investigated by macro- and microscopic morphological methods. Results and Discussions. In AD patients, gross, imagistic and sectional anatomy revealed severe diffuse cortical atrophy (gyral narrowing and sulcal widening), ventricular dilatation and intense atrophy of the hippocampus and amygdala. Using microscopic anatomy, histology and cytology investigations, as AD structural hallmarks, we observed neuronal loss, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, especially in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus basalis of Meynert. In addition, we found neuropil threads, vascular amyloidosis, granulo-vacuolar degeneration, Hirano and Lewy bodies. All these neuropathological changes coexist with important lipopigment storages (lipofuscin and ceroid), landmarks of brain aging. The same modifications are presented in old human and animal brains, but much more reduced as number and intensity. Authors discuss the epistemological evolution of these pathological structural concepts and their pathophysiological significance. Conclusions. This study is the first Romanian research, where AD brains were investigated from anatomo-histologico-tissual level to cellular-subcellular and extracellular pathology. Also, the authors achieved a comparative and correlative research between AD and old brains from humans to animals.
Keywords:	Alzheimer disease, cerebral senescence, neuropathology, morphological correlations, selective brain atrophy, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, ceroid and lipofuscin pigments
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*Correspondence:	Dan Riga, Department Of Stress Research And Prophylaxis, ”Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital Of Psychiatry, 10 Berceni Rd., 041914 Bucharest 8, Romania, Tel. +40 21 334 3008, Fax +40 21 230 95 79, Email: d_s_riga@yahoo.com