Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) seed extract

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Article Title:	Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) seed extract
Authors:	Aurel ARDELEAN1, George PRIBAC1, Anca HERMENEAN1, Marika CZAPAR2, Endre MATHE2, Liana MOŞ1, Coralia COTORACI1, Ovidiu BULZAN3, Constantin CRĂCIUN4
Affiliation:	1 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, “Vasile Goldis” Western University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Arad, Romania 2 Institute of Agrar and Molecular Research, College of Nyiregyhaza, Hungary 3 Emergency Clinical Hospital of Arad, Romania 4 Electronic Microscopy Center, University “Babeș-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Abstract:	The antineoplastic effect of Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract has been evaluated in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model on mice. Intra-peritoneal administration of the plant extract both before and after inoculation of EAC cell in mice produced alterations of ascites cells and inhibition of tumor growth compared to the control. The cytostatic effects on Ehrlich ascites are nuclear and cytoplasmic oedema, nucleoli hypertrophy, expansion of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome detachment, diminishment of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and finally the inhibition of protein and enzymes synthesis. In this study, after the analysis of ultrastructural modifications we observed that the blockage is a reversible process, compatible with the survival of cells; although these cells observed even after 3-4 weeks of treatment that they have lost the malignity property and the ability of entering into mitosis. The alterations observed in the cytoplasm are similar to those we have found in literature: expansion of mitochondria, depletion of ribosomes, increase of lysosomes and lipid drops and picnosis. This effect of blocking the malignity without killing the cells is characterised by ultrastructural mechanisms inducing a rapid senescence. The nuclear inter-membrane space enlarged, the chromatin distribution changes and the cell organelles undergo modifications.
Keywords:	Trigonella foenum graecum, fenugreek, Ehrlich ascites cells, cytostatic, cytotoxic
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*Correspondence:	George Pribac, MD, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology,Western University „Vasile Goldiş” Arad, no. 94-96 Revolutiei Bd., Arad, Romania, E-mail: gpribac@uvvg.ro