Toxicological, hematological, and biochemical responses of catfish to a novel brand of herbicide
March 6, 2025
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| Article Title: | Toxicological, hematological, and biochemical responses of catfish to a novel brand of herbicide |
| Authors: | Osayande Ernest E.I., Osikemekha A.A. |
| Affiliation: | Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Benin, Benin City, PMB 1154, Nigeria Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology Delta State University, Abraka, PMB 01, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria |
| Abstract: | Herbicide activities in any aquatic system can disrupt the biological functions of the biota therein. This study investigated the toxicity, hematological, and biochemical responses of Clarias gariepinus to a new brand of herbicide. Before the acclimatization of the fish, a range-finding test was done to determine the lethal dosage of the herbicide. The lethal dosage of the concentrations on the test fish was done using the endpoint (LC50). Standard methods were used to assess and compute the hematological and biological parameters from the sub-lethal test. The Statistic Package for Social Science and Microsoft Excel version 2019 was used to compute the mean data collated and the Probit analysis. The analysis of the physical and chemical parameters of the borehole water used in this study showed p<0.05 and p>0.05 for the mean parameters analyzed. The water was considered suitable for the bioassay test. Findings from the lethal concentration (LC50) short test at log 0.65 Probit, for 96 h, demonstrated that the herbicide was also toxic to the fish and provoked behavioral stress. The findings of the sub-lethal test using the biochemical and hematological biomarkers showed the following ranks; ALT (Alanine transaminase) > Urea > ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) > ALB (Albumin) > Creatinine and LYM (Lymnocytes) > WBC (White blood cell) > GRAN (Granulocytes) > RBC (Red blood cell) > HGB (Hemoglobin) > PLT (Platelet). There was no significant difference in the mean values for both biomarkers at p> 0.05 in the treatment and the control groups. There was a reduction in the hematological and biochemical indices which resulted in microcytic anemia in the fish after exposure to the herbicides at various concentrations exempting the control. This was due to oxidative stress as a result of the discharge of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in the blood cells and serum. |
| Keywords: | endpoints, toxicity trials, herbicides, agriculture, biomarkers. |
| *Correspondence: | Osayande Ernest Ebun-Igbeare, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Benin, Benin City, PMB 1154, Nigeria, Tel. +234-(80)36134216, email: osikemekhaa@delsu.edu.ng; cybert2004@gmail.com |
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