Flow cytometric assessment of ex vivo Carassius auratus red blood cells in sublethal exposure to heavy metals

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Article Title:	Flow cytometric assessment of ex vivo Carassius auratus red blood cells in sublethal exposure to heavy metals
Authors:	Aurelia Covaci, Ciprian–Valentin Mihali, Marian Petrescu, Hildegard Herman, Violeta Turcus, Daniela Bratosin
Affiliation:	Faculty of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Informatics, ″Vasile Goldis″ Western University of Arad, Romania Institute of Life Sciences, ″Vasile Goldis″ Western University of Arad, Romania National Institute for Biological Science Research & Development (INCDSB), Bucharest, Romania
Abstract:	Among major problems that directly concern the quality of life and health of people, two of them are in a direct dependence, namely environmental pollution and food quality. Setting maximum levels allowed toxic substances in surface waters, knowledge of action harmful to aquatic life and assessing the degree of risk that they have on the future quality fish food home have become more than a necessity. Internationally, increased food security and food safety is precisely the current concerns that expect quick results. In this general context, we aimed to test whether in vivo apoptosis of nucleated fish red blood cells can be simultaneously a sanogenesis test, assessing the conditions under which a fish product was obtained, respectively if the aquatic environment from which the fish product was contaminated with pollutants or not and how much the degree of pollution has an impact on product quality as a fish foodstuff. To verify our hypothesis we measured by flow cytometry and microscopy ex vivo nucleated red blood cells from the fish undergoing the sublethal heavy metal poisoning in laboratory and we tested fish from two areas with different degrees of pollution. The results we obtained show that in vivo, in the case of sub-lethal poisoning with heavy metals is observed an apoptotic phenomenon of erythrocytes. This apoptosis of fish red blood cells under the action of heavy metals as pollutants suggests that this phenomenon may be the basis of a simple test for assessing the conditions under which a product comes from a polluted fishery or unpolluted aquatic environment (test of sanogenesis).
Keywords:	fish nucleated erythrocytes, apoptosis, flow cytometry, optic macroscopy, ESEM, ecotoxicology
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*Correspondence:	Daniela Bratosin, National Institute for Biological Science Research & Development, Bucharest, Romania; Splaiul Independentei no. 296, district 6, Bucharest, Romania, Tel/Fax +40-(021)-2200881, email:bratosind@yahoo.com