Faas determination of cadmium and lead content in foodstuffs from north-eastern Romanian market


Faas determination of cadmium and lead content in foodstuffs from north-eastern Romanian market

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Title: Faas determination of cadmium and lead content in foodstuffs from north-eastern Romanian market
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Article_Title: Faas determination of cadmium and lead content in foodstuffs from north-eastern Romanian market
Authors: Constantin Ciobanu, Bogdan Gabriel Șlencu, Rodica Cuciureanu
Affiliation: Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iași, Romania
Abstract: Toxic metals may enter foods from various sources: soil, chemicals used for agricultural land, water used in food processing or cooking, equipment, containers and utensils used for food processing etc. The presence of cadmium and lead in the environment and foodstuffs represents an important problem in most of the countries. Exposure to toxic metals through consumption of contaminated food products is associated with various health risks and has aroused widespread concern in human health. Toxic metals are connected to cardiovascular disease, impaired fertility, nervous and immune system disorders, increased spontaneous abortions etc. Concerns about lead exposure as an important public health problem increased, as witnessed by the adverse health effects at lower levels. Moreover, this problem is complicated by the fact that these two metals show no biological function in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium and lead in various foodstuffs from northeastern Romanian market.
Keywords: cadmium, lead, foodstuffs, F-AAS, food
References: ***Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for lead. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2007.
***Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for cadmium. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2008.
Alquezar R, Markich SJ, Booth DJ. Metal accumulation in the smooth toadfish, Tetractenos glaber, in estuaries around Sydney, Australia. Environ Pollut, 142, 123–131, 2006.
Bakirdere S, Yaman M. Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess, 136(1-3), 401-410, 2008.
Barnard C, Daberkow S, Padgitt M, Smith ME, Uri ND. Alternative measures of pesticide use. Sci Total Environ, 203, 229 –244, 1997.
Caggiano R, Sabia S, D’Emilio M, Macchiato M, Anastasio A, Ragosta M et al. Metal levels in fodder, milk, dairy products, and tissues sampled in ovine farms of Southern Italy. Environ Res, 99(1), 48-57, 2005.
Castro-Gonzaleza MI, Mendez-Armentab M. Heavy metals: Implications associated to fish consumption. Environ Tox Pharmacol, 26, 263–271, 2008.
Chary NS, Kamala CT, Raj DS. Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 69(3), 513 – 524, 2008.
Chaudri M, Celine MG, Badawy SH, Martin L, McGrath P, Chambers J. Heavy Metals in the Environment. Cadmium Content of Wheat Grain from a Long-Term Field Experiment with Sewage Sludge. J Environ Qual, 30, 1575–1580, 2007.
Commission of the European Communities. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L77, 1–25, 2001.
Commission of the European Communities. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 78/2005 of 19 January 2005 amending Regulation No. 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L16, 43–45, 2005.
Commission of the European Communities. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L364, 5 -24, 2006.
Courtois E, Marques M, Barrientos A. Lead-induced down-regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase in isolated rat aortic segments mediated by reactive oxygen species and cyclo-oxygenase-2. J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, 1464–1470, 2003.
Ersoy B, Yanar Y, Kucukgulmez A, Celik M. Effects of four cooking methods on the heavy metal concentrations of sea bass fillets (Dicentrarchus labrax Linne, 1785). Food Chem, 99(4), 748–751, 2006.
European Food Safety Authority. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Cadmium in food. The EFSA Journal, 980, 1-139, 2009.
European Food Safety Authority. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Lead in food. The EFSA Journal, 8(4), 1-147, 2010.
Frost HL, Ketchum LH. Trace metal concentration in durum wheat from application of sewage sludge and commercial fertilizer. Adv Environ Res, 4, 347–355, 2000.
Galal-Gorchev H. Dietary intake, levels in food and estimated intake of lead, cadmium and mercury. Food Addit Contam, 10(1), 115–128, 1993.
Goyer RA. Nutrition and metal toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr, 61(3), 646S – 650S, 1995.
Jarup L, Akesson A. Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 238, 201–208, 2009.
Jarup L, Berglund M, Elinder CG, Nordberg G, Vahter M. Health effects of cadmium exposure – a review of the literature and a risk estimate. Scand J Work Environ Health, 24, 1-52, 1998.
Johansen P, Pars T, Bjerregaard P. Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium intake by Greenlanders from local marine food. Sci Total Environ, 245(1–3), 187–194, 2000.
Lopez Alonso M, Benedito JL, Miranda M, Castillo C, Hernandez J, Shore RF. Contribution of cattle products to dietary intake of trace and toxic elements in Galicia, Spain. Food Addit Contam, 19(6), 533–541, 2002.
Mingli H, Zhou S, Sun B, Zhao Q. Heavy metals in wheat grain: Assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Kunshan, China. Sci Total Environ, 405, 54 – 61, 2008.
Murrilo JM, Maranon T, Cabrera F, Lopez R. Accumulation of heavy metals in sunflower and sorghum plants affected by the Guadiamar spill. Sci Total Environ, 242(1-3), 281-292, 1999.
Naszradi T, Badacsonyi A, Nemeth N, Tuba Z, Batic F. Zinc, lead and cadmium content in meadow plants and mosses along the M3 Motorway (Hungary). J Atmos Chem, 49, 593–603, 2004.
Nordberg GF, Nogawa K, Nordberg M, Friberg LT. Cadmium. In: Nordberg GF., Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg LT editors. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals – 3rd edition. New York: Academic Press, 445-486, 2007.
Rabinowitz MB. Toxicokinetics of bone lead. Environ Health Perspect, 91, 33-37, 1991.
Radwan MA, Salama AK Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables. Food Chem Toxicol, 44, 1273–1278, 2006.
Satarug S, Haswell-Elkins,Moore MR. Safe levels of cadmium intake to prevent renal toxicity in human subjects. B J Nutr, 84(6), 791–802, 2000.
Skerfving S, Bergdahl IA. Lead. In: Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg LT editors. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals – 3rd edition. New York: Academic Press, 2007, 599-644.
World Health Organization (WHO). Seventy-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. World Health Organization, 149-177, 2010.
Yilmaz F, Ozdemir N, Demirak A, Levent Tuna A. Heavy metal levels in two fish species Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus. Food Chem, 100, 830–835, 2007.
Yuzbasi N, Sezgin E, Yildirim M, Yildirim Z. Survey of lead, cadmium, iron, copper and zinc in Kaşar cheese. Food Addit Contam, 20(5), 464 – 469, 2003.
Zheng N, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zheng D, Zhang Z, Zhang S. Population health risk due to dietary intake of heavy metals in the industrial area of Huludao city, China. Sci Total Environ, 387(1-3), 96-104, 2007.
Read_full_article: pdf/23-2013/23-1-2013/SU23-1-2013-Ciobanu.pdf
Correspondence: Ciobanu Constantin, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iași, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry, 16th Universitatii Street ,700115, Iași, Romania, email: costy_pharm@yahoo.com

Read full article
Article Title: Faas determination of cadmium and lead content in foodstuffs from north-eastern Romanian market
Authors: Constantin Ciobanu, Bogdan Gabriel Șlencu, Rodica Cuciureanu
Affiliation: Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iași, Romania
Abstract: Toxic metals may enter foods from various sources: soil, chemicals used for agricultural land, water used in food processing or cooking, equipment, containers and utensils used for food processing etc. The presence of cadmium and lead in the environment and foodstuffs represents an important problem in most of the countries. Exposure to toxic metals through consumption of contaminated food products is associated with various health risks and has aroused widespread concern in human health. Toxic metals are connected to cardiovascular disease, impaired fertility, nervous and immune system disorders, increased spontaneous abortions etc. Concerns about lead exposure as an important public health problem increased, as witnessed by the adverse health effects at lower levels. Moreover, this problem is complicated by the fact that these two metals show no biological function in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium and lead in various foodstuffs from northeastern Romanian market.
Keywords: cadmium, lead, foodstuffs, F-AAS, food
References: ***Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for lead. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2007.
***Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for cadmium. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2008.
Alquezar R, Markich SJ, Booth DJ. Metal accumulation in the smooth toadfish, Tetractenos glaber, in estuaries around Sydney, Australia. Environ Pollut, 142, 123–131, 2006.
Bakirdere S, Yaman M. Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess, 136(1-3), 401-410, 2008.
Barnard C, Daberkow S, Padgitt M, Smith ME, Uri ND. Alternative measures of pesticide use. Sci Total Environ, 203, 229 –244, 1997.
Caggiano R, Sabia S, D’Emilio M, Macchiato M, Anastasio A, Ragosta M et al. Metal levels in fodder, milk, dairy products, and tissues sampled in ovine farms of Southern Italy. Environ Res, 99(1), 48-57, 2005.
Castro-Gonzaleza MI, Mendez-Armentab M. Heavy metals: Implications associated to fish consumption. Environ Tox Pharmacol, 26, 263–271, 2008.
Chary NS, Kamala CT, Raj DS. Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 69(3), 513 – 524, 2008.
Chaudri M, Celine MG, Badawy SH, Martin L, McGrath P, Chambers J. Heavy Metals in the Environment. Cadmium Content of Wheat Grain from a Long-Term Field Experiment with Sewage Sludge. J Environ Qual, 30, 1575–1580, 2007.
Commission of the European Communities. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L77, 1–25, 2001.
Commission of the European Communities. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 78/2005 of 19 January 2005 amending Regulation No. 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L16, 43–45, 2005.
Commission of the European Communities. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L364, 5 -24, 2006.
Courtois E, Marques M, Barrientos A. Lead-induced down-regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase in isolated rat aortic segments mediated by reactive oxygen species and cyclo-oxygenase-2. J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, 1464–1470, 2003.
Ersoy B, Yanar Y, Kucukgulmez A, Celik M. Effects of four cooking methods on the heavy metal concentrations of sea bass fillets (Dicentrarchus labrax Linne, 1785). Food Chem, 99(4), 748–751, 2006.
European Food Safety Authority. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Cadmium in food. The EFSA Journal, 980, 1-139, 2009.
European Food Safety Authority. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Lead in food. The EFSA Journal, 8(4), 1-147, 2010.
Frost HL, Ketchum LH. Trace metal concentration in durum wheat from application of sewage sludge and commercial fertilizer. Adv Environ Res, 4, 347–355, 2000.
Galal-Gorchev H. Dietary intake, levels in food and estimated intake of lead, cadmium and mercury. Food Addit Contam, 10(1), 115–128, 1993.
Goyer RA. Nutrition and metal toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr, 61(3), 646S – 650S, 1995.
Jarup L, Akesson A. Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 238, 201–208, 2009.
Jarup L, Berglund M, Elinder CG, Nordberg G, Vahter M. Health effects of cadmium exposure – a review of the literature and a risk estimate. Scand J Work Environ Health, 24, 1-52, 1998.
Johansen P, Pars T, Bjerregaard P. Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium intake by Greenlanders from local marine food. Sci Total Environ, 245(1–3), 187–194, 2000.
Lopez Alonso M, Benedito JL, Miranda M, Castillo C, Hernandez J, Shore RF. Contribution of cattle products to dietary intake of trace and toxic elements in Galicia, Spain. Food Addit Contam, 19(6), 533–541, 2002.
Mingli H, Zhou S, Sun B, Zhao Q. Heavy metals in wheat grain: Assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Kunshan, China. Sci Total Environ, 405, 54 – 61, 2008.
Murrilo JM, Maranon T, Cabrera F, Lopez R. Accumulation of heavy metals in sunflower and sorghum plants affected by the Guadiamar spill. Sci Total Environ, 242(1-3), 281-292, 1999.
Naszradi T, Badacsonyi A, Nemeth N, Tuba Z, Batic F. Zinc, lead and cadmium content in meadow plants and mosses along the M3 Motorway (Hungary). J Atmos Chem, 49, 593–603, 2004.
Nordberg GF, Nogawa K, Nordberg M, Friberg LT. Cadmium. In: Nordberg GF., Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg LT editors. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals – 3rd edition. New York: Academic Press, 445-486, 2007.
Rabinowitz MB. Toxicokinetics of bone lead. Environ Health Perspect, 91, 33-37, 1991.
Radwan MA, Salama AK Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables. Food Chem Toxicol, 44, 1273–1278, 2006.
Satarug S, Haswell-Elkins,Moore MR. Safe levels of cadmium intake to prevent renal toxicity in human subjects. B J Nutr, 84(6), 791–802, 2000.
Skerfving S, Bergdahl IA. Lead. In: Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg LT editors. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals – 3rd edition. New York: Academic Press, 2007, 599-644.
World Health Organization (WHO). Seventy-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. World Health Organization, 149-177, 2010.
Yilmaz F, Ozdemir N, Demirak A, Levent Tuna A. Heavy metal levels in two fish species Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus. Food Chem, 100, 830–835, 2007.
Yuzbasi N, Sezgin E, Yildirim M, Yildirim Z. Survey of lead, cadmium, iron, copper and zinc in Kaşar cheese. Food Addit Contam, 20(5), 464 – 469, 2003.
Zheng N, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zheng D, Zhang Z, Zhang S. Population health risk due to dietary intake of heavy metals in the industrial area of Huludao city, China. Sci Total Environ, 387(1-3), 96-104, 2007.
*Correspondence: Ciobanu Constantin, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iași, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry, 16th Universitatii Street ,700115, Iași, Romania, email: costy_pharm@yahoo.com