Investigation of the chemical remediation of nitroaromatic compound contaminated soil

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Article Title:	Investigation of the chemical remediation of nitroaromatic compound contaminated soil
Authors:	Czira, Gy.1, Z. Dinya2, L. Simon3*, I. Demeter2, N. Hliva2, E. Máthé2, Gy. Lakatos1
Affiliation:	1 University of Debrecen, Environmental Science PhD School; 2 College of Nyíregyháza, Agricultural and Molecular Research Institute; 3College of Nyíregyháza, Technical and Agricultural Faculty, Department of Land Management and Rural Development
Abstract:	In Hungary the decontamination of the explosives and munitions polluted land is an environmental and economical interest. These areas are located mostly near the former military shooting areas and explosive producing factories. The aim of our work was to detect in soil the nitroaromatic hydrocarbon contaminations near a former explosive production factory in Northern Hungary. Analytical procedure was worked out to extract the nitroaromatic compounds and their derivatives from the contaminated soil. In soil we should count beside TNT isomers with the appearance of reduced amino derivatives. The real ecotoxicological problems are causing these amino derivatives; they are included to the International Toxicity List as primary carcinogenic compounds. We applied various extraction solvents, with acetonitrile development and with reflux temperature, to separate these compounds from the contaminated soil samples. TNT compounds were also investigated by gas chromatography (GC), UV and FT-IR analytical techniques. The TNT compounds were unequivocally detected in the contaminated soil samples; they were characteristically seen in the UV-VIS spectra. Strong stretching bands of nitro groups strongly appeared between 1520 and 1360 cm-1 (υas NO2 és υs NO2) of the IR spectra. The GC chromatographies are between 6.4-6.6 minute in retention time, and this obviously confirmed the attendance of these compounds. The reduced amino forms can be identified by the υas and υs NH2 bands between 3100-3400 cm-1. Elemental Fe and Zn, and various Fe and Zn compounds were added to the contaminated soil, which reduced the nitro compounds in acidic medium. This could be the basis of a remediation process.
Keywords:	chemical remediation, nitroaromatic compounds, TNT reduction, contaminated soil
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*Correspondence:	Prof. dr. László Simon, Department of Land Management and Rural Development, Technical and Agricultural Faculty, College of Nyíregyháza, P.O.Box 166, H-4401 Nyíregyháza, Hungary, E-mail: simonl@nyf.hu